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Titre: DEA Signaux et Images en Biologie et Médecine (SIBM)

Auteurs: Aymeric HISTACE

Ecole/Université: UNIVERSITE D’ANGERS

Résumé: L’imagerie médicale est devenue un élément fondamental de presque toute démarche diagnostique. Cependant, une des limitations de ce développement concerne les difficultés grandissantes d’archivage et d’accès aux images dues à leur taille importante. La réduction de volume représentatif des données de l’image ou compression d’images est une alternative, de faible coût, à l’augmentation systématique de la capacité des systèmes d’archivage et des lignes de transmission. Cependant pour être éthiquement acceptables, les méthodes de compression irréversibles, comme la compression par ondelette (base de la nouvelle norme JPEG2000), doivent être rigoureusement évaluées.

Nous avons donc mis en place, grâce à l’analyse de texture, un premier vecteur de paramètres quantitatifs mettant en évidence les principales dégradations engendrées par la compression par ondelette. Les résultats obtenus par une analyse statistique du premier ordre ont montré que les critères globaux comme la moyenne ou la variance, ne pouvaient pas permettre la mise en évidence de la dégradation. A l’inverse, les variations des paramètres statistiques du second ordre (issus des matrices de co-occurrence) montrent la perte de qualité due à la compression. Ces résultats restent néanmoins totalement fonction de la région d’intérêt considérée et de ses caractéristiques texturales. Une approche fréquentielle nous a permis de révéler le lissage introduit par la chaîne de compression, et une atteinte plus importante des ROI riches en hautes fréquences. La mise en place d’un protocole de segmentation des artéfacts en « grains de riz » caractéristiques de ce type de compression, nous a permis de faire un lien entre un le poids des artéfacts dans l’image et les constations psychovisuelles d’une étude menée au CHU d’Angers. Enfin, le calcul de critères de dissimilarité (EQM et PSNR) a corroboré les résultats de l’analyse fréquentielle, mais a montré également que la seule prise en compte des variations d’intensités des pixels ne suffisait pas à la discrimination précise d’un taux de compression seuil caractéristique d’une dégradation trop importante.

Extrait du sommaire:
RESUME 1
INTRODUCTION 2
PARTIE A: MATERIEL ET METHODES 3
I. IMAGES ET ACQUISITION PAR THORAVISION® 4
I.1 PRINCIPE DU DETECTEUR AU SELENIUM 4
I.2 PRINCIPE DE FONCTIONNEMENT DU THORAVISIONÒ 4
I.3 TRAITEMENT DES IMAGES AVANT LA SORTIE SUR FILM 5
I.4 STOCKAGE DES IMAGES 5
I.5 REGIONS D’INTERET 5
II. LA COMPRESSION DE DONNEES 7
II.1 PRESENTATIONS DES PRINCIPALES METHODES DE COMPRESSION 7
II.2 DESCRIPTION DE LA COMPRESSION PAR ONDELETTE 8
III.EVALUATION CLASSIQUE DES METHODES DE COMPRESSION EN
IMAGERIE MEDICALE 13
III.1 LES DIFFERENTES METHODES D’ANALYSE QUALITATIVE EN IMAGERIE MEDICALE 13
III.2 PROBLEMES LIES A CES METHODES 13
IV. NOTION DE TEXTURE ET D’ATTRIBUTS TEXTURAUX 14
IV.I TYPES DE TEXTURES 14
IV.2 ANALYSE VISUELLE D’UNE IMAGE 15
IV.3. L’ANALYSE DE TEXTURE 15
V. CRITERE DE DISSIMILARITE 24
V.1 PRINCIPE 24
V.2 DISTANCE DE BADDELEY : APPROCHE DE D.COQUIN, P. BOLLON, Y. CHEHADEH 24
PARTIE B : APPLICATION A L’EVALUATION QUANTITATIVE D’UNE CHAINE
DE COMPRESSION TYPE ONDELETTE 26
I. INTRODUCTION 27
II. APPROCHE STATISTIQUE 27
II.1 PARAMETRES LIES A L’HISTOGRAMME 27
II.2 M ATRICE DE CO-OCCURRENCE 30
II.3 CROSS DIAGONAL TEXTURE MATRIX 31
II.4 MATRICE DE LONGUEUR DE PLAGE 32
II.5 INDICE DE PERFORMANCE: EME 33
II.6 DIMENSION FRACTAL 33
III. ANALYSE FREQUENTIELLE 34
III.1 INTRODUCTION 34
III.2 INFORMATION ANGULAIRE 35
III.3 INFORMATION RADIALE 35
III.4. CONCLUSION 37
IV. SEGMENTATION DES ARTEFACTS DITS EN « GRAINS DE RIZ » 38
IV.1 PRINCIPE DE SEGMENTATION 38
IV.2 METHODE RETENUE 38
IV.3 RESULTATS 39
V. DISSIMILARITE 39
V.1 ECART QUADRATIQUE MOYEN (EQM) 39
V.2. M ESURE DE DISSIMILARITE BASEE SUR LA DISTANCE DE BADDELEY 40
VI. DISCUSSION 41
VI.1 CONCLUSION 41
VI.2 PROBLEMES RENCONTRES 41
VI.3 AXES DE RECHERCHE ET APPLICATIONS 42
CONCLUSION 44
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 45
ANNEXES 48

Ondelettes et traitement du signal et d’image 8

Télécharger le fichier PDF: DEA Signaux et Images en Biologie et Médecine (SIBM)

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